digits(x) returns the number of significant digits of the internal model representation of x. For example, on a system using a 32-bit floating point representation, a default real number would likely return 24.
Fortran 95 and later
result = digits(x)
x - The type may be integer or real.The return value is of type integer.
program test_digits
integer :: i = 12345
real :: x = 3.143
real(8) :: y = 2.33
print *, digits(i)
print *, digits(x)
print *, digits(y)
end program test_digits